KEBEBASAN DAN PENEBUSAN SEBAGAI WUJUD KESEMPURNAAN KASIH ALLAH: SUATU TELAAH TEOLOGI PENTAKOSTAL ATAS RELASI ALLAH DAN MANUSIA

  • Reynhart Yegar Sitorus STT Intheos Surakarta, Indonesia
  • Nur Budi Santosa STT Intheos Surakarta, Indonesia
Keywords: Divine-Human Relationship, Freedom, God’s Love, Pentecostal Theology, Redemption

Abstract

The relationship between God and humanity is a central theme in Christian theology, often discussed through various theological approaches. In this regard, the factor of redemption often receives greater attention than human freedom, even though both are closely related in understanding God's love as a whole. This article aims to examine freedom and redemption as a theological unity that expresses the perfection of God's love from a Pentecostal theological perspective. This research uses a qualitative method with a literature study approach to biblical texts and relevant Pentecostal theological literature. The results of the study indicate that freedom is given by God as a relational space so that humans can respond to His love consciously and responsibly. However, this freedom also opens up the possibility of sin and relational separation. In this context, redemption is understood as an initiative of God's love that does not eliminate human freedom, but rather restores broken relationships through the work of Christ. This restoration of relationships opens up space for the presence and work of the Holy Spirit for every believer, which is especially the basis of the faith and spirituality of Pentecostals. Therefore, freedom and redemption together reveal the perfection of God's love, as a love that creates living relationships, restores failures, and remains actively present in His relationship with humanity.

References

Adebayo, Racheal. “Distinguishing between Religion and Spirituality: Listening to Teenagers within the (RCCG) Pentecostal Churches.” Journal of the European Pentecostal Theological Association 39, no. 1 (January 2019): 79–94. https://doi.org/10.1080/18124461.2018.1552061.

Alexander, Christopher, Duma F Pakpahan, and Yohanes R Suprandono. “Panggilan Allah Kepada Abraham: Konsep Anugerah Dan Implikasinya Dalam Kehidupan Orang Percaya.” Pengarah: Jurnal Teologi Kristen 4, no. 2 (January 2022): 2654–2931. https://doi.org/10.36270/PENGARAH.V4I2.117.

Augustine, Daniela C. “Embodiment in the Christian Life: Reflections on the Spirit’s Work of Christoformation.” Journal of Pentecostal Theology 34, no. 2 (September 2025): 178–95. https://doi.org/10.1163/17455251-34020003.

Bowes, William B. “Is James a Spiritless Text?: On the Possibility of a Pentecostal Reading.” Journal of Pentecostal Theology 34, no. 2 (September 2025): 219–37. https://doi.org/10.1163/17455251-bja10071.

Chan, Simon. Spiritual Theology: A Systematic Study of the Christian Life. Downers Grove: IVP Academic, 1998.

Chigorimbo, Joshua. “Saving Souls and Saving Soils: An Ecomissiological Pneumatology.” Journal of Pentecostal and Charismatic Christianity 45, no. 1 (January 2025): 43–61. https://doi.org/10.1080/27691616.2025.2477983.

Coulter, Dale M. “Holiness in Pentecostal Discourse: Becoming Like God.” Journal of Pentecostal Theology 33, no. 2 (September 2024): 178–200. https://doi.org/10.1163/17455251-33020003.

Estefanus, Christopher Sigar, and Kosma Manurung. “Transformasi Kehidupan Paulus Oleh Roh Kudus Studi Hermeneutika Kisah Para Rasul 9:17.” ELEOS: Jurnal Teologi Dan Pendidikan Agama Kristen 4, no. 1 (2024): 34–43. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.53814/eleos.v4i1.118.

Fee, Gordon D. Paul , the Spirit , and the People of God. ( Peabody, Ma: Hendrickson, 1996.

Fettke, Steven M. “The Spirit of God Hovered Over the Waters: Creation, the Local Church, and the Mentally and Physically Challenged, A Call to Spirit-Led Ministry.” Journal of Pentecostal Theology 17, no. 2 (2008): 170–82. https://doi.org/DOI 10.1163/174552508X377475.

Harefa, Oinike Natalia. “Ketika Keadilan Bertemu Dengan Kasih.” SUNDERMANN: Jurnal Ilmiah Teologi, Pendidikan, Sains, Humaniora Dan Kebudayaan 13, no. 1 (May 2020): 39–47. https://doi.org/10.36588/sundermann.v13i1.31.

Kamenicky, Michael Austin. “The Dangers of Pentecostal Practice: On the Formative and Deformative Potential of Speaking in Tongues.” Journal of Pentecostal Theology 32, no. 1 (February 2023): 59–72. https://doi.org/10.1163/17455251-32010002.

Keener, Craig S. Revelation: The NIV Application Commentary. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2000.

Liu, Evan. “Impacts of Pentecostalism on Modern China’s Christianity.” Journal of Pentecostal and Charismatic Christianity, August 2025. https://doi.org/10.1080/27691616.2025.2536642;PAGE:STRING:ARTICLE/CHAPTER.

Macchia, Frank D. “A Theology of Christ as Act: A Response to Oliver Davies.” Journal of Pentecostal Theology 24, no. 2 (October 2015): 145–53. https://doi.org/10.1163/17455251-02402002.

———. Baptized in the Spirit : A Global Pentecostal Theology. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2006.

———. “The Spirit and the Common Good: A Theological Review.” Journal of Pentecostal Theology 30, no. 1 (May 2021): 30–43. https://doi.org/10.1163/17455251-30010008.

Manurung, Kosma. “Aktualisasi Pemaknaan Narasi Allah Sebagai Gembala Bagi Orang Percaya Masa Kini Dari Titik Tolak Teologi Pentakosta.” SOLA GRATIA: Jurnal Teologi Biblika Dan Praktika 2, no. 1 (July 2021): 38–59. https://doi.org/10.47596/sg.v2i1.137.

———. “Membaca Narasi Dosa Akhan Dari Potret Kaum Pentakostal.” Jurnal Missio Cristo 6, no. 2 (October 2023): 132–48. https://doi.org/10.58456/MISSIOCRISTO.V6I2.57.

———. “Menalar Kisah Pertobatan Daud Dari Pemahaman Kaum Pentakostal.” CORAM DEO Jurnal Teologi Dan Pendidikan Kristen 1, no. 1 (2023): 11–27.

———. “Mencermati Penggunaan Metode Kualitatif Di Lingkungan Sekolah Tinggi Teologi.” FILADELFIA Jurnal Teologi Dan Pendidikan Kristen 3, no. 1 (2022): 285–300. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.55772/filadelfia.v3i1.48.

———. “Mengulik Makna Kisah Penyaliban Tuhan Dari Bingkai Pemahaman Kaum Pentakostal.” FILADELFIA Jurnal Teologi Dan Pendidikan Kristen 6, no. 1 (2025): 1–18. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.55772/filadelfia.v6i1.170.

———. “Mengulik Narasi ”Kabur Aja Dulu” Dari Lensa Pemahaman Spritualitas Kaum Pentakostal.” Veritas et Educatio Jurnal Teologi Dan Pendidikan Kristiani 1, no. 1 (2025): 48–62.

Manurung, Kosma, and Heppy Wenny Komaling. “Mendalami Frasa Lebih Berbahagia Memberi Daripada Menerima Dalam Aplikasi Kaum Pentakostal.” EPIGNOSIS Jurnal Pendidikan Kristiani Dan Teologi 2, no. 1 (2023): 21–33. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.58232/epignosis.v2i1.26.

Manurung, Kosma, and Hotman Parulian Simanjuntak. “Membaca Kisah Minyak Seorang Janda Dalam 2 Raja-Raja 4 Dari Narasi Pemaknaan Kaum Pentakostal.” LAMPO: Jurnal Teologi Dan Pendidikan Agama Kristen 1, no. 1 (July 2024): 1–15. https://doi.org/10.63832/LAMPO.V1I1.1.

McGrath, Alister E. Christian Theology : An Introduction. 5th Ed. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 2011.

———. Chritian Theology : An Introduction, 5th Ed. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, 2011.

Moltmann, Jürgen. God in Creation: An Ecological Doctrine of Creation and the Spirit of God. Minneapolis: Minneapolis: Fortress, 1993.

Oslo, Roger E. Arminian Theology : Myths and Realities. Downers Grove: Intervarsity Press, 2006.

Pinnock, Clark H. Most Moved Mover : A Theology of God’s Openness. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2001.

Purnomo, Catur Sigit, and Kosma Manurung. “Mengulik Pemahaman Tentang Gender Menurut Kejadian 1:27 Sebagai Refleksi Teologi Pentakosta Tradisional Terhadap LGBT.” TELEIOS: Jurnal Teologi Dan Pendidikan Agama Kristen 3, no. 2 (November 2023): 130–44. https://doi.org/10.53674/TELEIOS.V3I2.65.

Rybarczyk, Edmund J. “Pentecostalism, Human Nature, and Aesthetics: Twenty-First Century Engagement.” Journal of Pentecostal Theology 21, no. 2 (2012): 240–59. https://doi.org/DOI 10.1163/17455251-02102005.

Sæther, Knut Willy. “Fallibilism and Pentecostal Theological Epistemology.” Journal of Pentecostal and Charismatic Christianity 45, no. 2 (July 2025): 167–83. https://doi.org/10.1080/27691616.2025.2553577.

Sirait, Hikman, and Remegises Pandie. “Menjembatani Ilmu Dan Iman: Menelusuri Metode Penelitian Kualitatif Dalam Studi Teologi.” Jurnal Ilmiah Wahana Pendidikan 11, no. 9.D SE-Full Articles (September 30, 2025). https://jurnal.peneliti.net/index.php/JIWP/article/view/13026.

Soesilo, Yushak. “Prinsip Creatio Continua Dan Imago Dei Dalam Penerapan Kloning Terapetik: Manusia Merampas Peran Allah?” DUNAMIS: Jurnal Teologi Dan Pendidikan Kristiani 3, no. 2 (2019): 92. https://doi.org/10.30648/dun.v3i2.194.

Stewart-Ginsburg, Jared H., Erik William Carter, Melinda J. Ault, Allison Tanner, and Caroline Becker. “A Preliminary National Survey of Accessible Features of Churches in the United States.” Review of Religious Research 66, no. 4 (December 2024): 631–48. https://doi.org/10.1177/0034673X241268649.

Stott, John R.W. The Cross of Christ. Downers Grove, Illinois: IVP Books, 2006.

Sugiarto, Sugiarto, and Kosma Manurung. “Kajian Teologis Mendalami Kontribusi Ayah Dalam Mempersiapkan Masa Depan Anak Di Keluarga Kristiani.” Veritas Lux Mea (Jurnal Teologi Dan Pendidikan Kristen) 7, no. 1 (2025): 162–71. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.59177/veritas.v7i1.328.

Supriadi, Made Nopen. “Analisis Eksegetis Kejadian 3: 8 Sebagai Upaya Memahami Realisasi Pertama Kasih Allah Terhadap Manusia Yang Berdosa.” SCRIPTA: Jurnal Teologi Dan Pelayanan Kontekstual 11, no. 1 (2021): 11–27. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.47154/scripta.v11i1.116.

Sutandar, Jusup Maria Setiawan, Hikman Sirait, and Esti Rahayu. “Harmonisasi Kasih Karunia Dan Taurat: Relevansi Teologis Dalam Kehidupan Kristen Kontemporer.” Phronesis: Jurnal Teologi Dan Misi 8, no. 1 (2025): 123–40. https://doi.org/10.47457/phr.v8i1.609.

Tanyit, Parel, and Parel Tanyit. “Providensia Allah Dan Kehendak Bebas Manusia.” Jurnal Jaffray 2, no. 2 (April 2005): 77–85. https://doi.org/10.25278/jj71.v2i2.162.

Tuppurainen, Riku P. “Jesus, the Spirit, and the Church: Succession in the Fourth Gospel.” Journal of the European Pentecostal Theological Association 36, no. 1 (January 2016): 42–56. https://doi.org/10.1080/18124461.2015.1131491.

Vermeer, Paul, and Peer Scheepers. “Church Growth in Times of Secularization: A Case Study of People Joining Evangelical Congregations in the Netherlands.” Review of Religious Research 63, no. 1 (March 2021): 43–66. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13644-020-00434-x.

Widayanti, Widayanti, and Kosma Manurung. “Membingkai Teodisi Dari Kisah Pencobaan Yesus Dalam Matius 4:1-11 Dan Relevansinya Bagi Kaum Pentakostal.” LOGIA: Jurnal Teologi Pentakosta 4, no. 2 (June 2023): 218–36. https://doi.org/10.37731/LOG.V4I2.148.

Woloschak, Gayle E. “Orthodox Christian Attitudes toward the Human Body in Today’s World.” Journal of Pentecostal Theology 34, no. 2 (September 2025): 161–77. https://doi.org/10.1163/17455251-34020002.

Yong, Amos. “The Spirit and Creation: Possibilities and Challenges for a Dialogue between Pentecostal Theology and the Sciences.” Journal of the European Pentecostal Theological Association 25, no. 1 (April 2015): 81–112. https://doi.org/10.1179/jep.2005.25.1.006.

———. The Spirit of Love: A Trinitarian Theology of Grace. Waco: Baylor University Press, 2012.

Zaluchu, Sonny. “Penderitaan Kristus Sebagai Wujud Solidaritas Allah Kepada Manusia.” DUNAMIS: Jurnal Penelitian Teologi Dan Pendidikan Kristiani 2, no. 1 (November 2017): 61. https://doi.org/10.30648/dun.v2i1.129.

CROSSMARK
Published
2026-04-09
DIMENSIONS
How to Cite
Sitorus, Reynhart Yegar, and Nur Budi Santosa. “KEBEBASAN DAN PENEBUSAN SEBAGAI WUJUD KESEMPURNAAN KASIH ALLAH: SUATU TELAAH TEOLOGI PENTAKOSTAL ATAS RELASI ALLAH DAN MANUSIA”. The Way: Jurnal Teologi dan Kependidikan 12, no. 1 (April 9, 2026): 16-32. Accessed November 15, 2026. https://journal.sttbetheltheway.ac.id/index.php/teologi-dan-kependidikan/article/view/411.
Section
Articles